Unsecured apps are vulnerable to external attacks, data loss, and infrastructure damage. One unprotected app can cause an enterprise-wide data breach. Fortunately, there are many ways to strengthen cloud security and make application usage safe.

This blog will explore cloud app security and the threats users face. You should find everything you need to know when securing critical cloud assets.

What Is cloud application security?

Cloud application security is a set of tools, policies, and procedures that protect information passing across a cloud environment. The aim is to:

• Create a secure environment and protect data on all cloud apps
• Manage cyber threats
• Prevent unauthorized access to cloud resources
• Ensure the availability of critical assets

Cloud application security covers popular platforms like Amazon AWS, Google, and Microsoft Azure. It also extends to individual SaaS apps hosted on cloud platforms. Collaboration tools like Slack or Zoom require specific security solutions. The same applies to cloud-hosted business tools like Salesforce or data storage services.

Do you need cloud application security?

Yes. Legacy network security tools cannot properly protect cloud assets. VPNs and firewalls can protect locally-hosted data and applications. But cloud apps are hosted by third parties. Users can access them from virtually anywhere via a huge range of devices.

Attack surfaces have become more complex as cloud apps have proliferated. Cloud endpoints cannot be secured by locally-managed hardware or encrypted network connections. Older tech plays a role, but new application security approaches are essential.

Cloud application security threats

The first step in securing a cloud environment is understanding critical security threats. Here are some of the most important cloud application security risks to factor into security planning.

• Misconfigured cloud apps – Gartner reports that as many as 99% of cloud security issues are due to client error. Cloud deployments are complex, and teams must manage a range of application configurations. Every SaaS app requires access controls and processes to guard against shadow IT. Getting app configurations right is essential.
• Account hijacking – Malicious attackers can hijack user accounts and infiltrate cloud-hosted apps. Account hijacking tends to result from poor password hygiene and credential exposure. Security teams must enforce strong password policies. Password managers make life easier for workers. Encryption keeps credentials private and secure.
• Phishing – Phishers persuade employees to provide access credentials. They may also entice users to click links that harvest private data. Security teams must train all staff and enforce responsible behavior.
• Automated attacks – Attackers may find vulnerabilities via scanning agents. Botnets target poorly secured cloud apps, taking down cloud resources via denial-of-service attacks.
• Buggy APIs – APIs connect cloud applications and users. They need to be secure at all times. The problem with APIs is that they are both feature and data-rich. One compromised feature could expose data inside the app for outsiders to harvest.
• Physical security – Cloud applications rest on physical hardware somewhere in the world. Cloud providers must protect hardware against theft and take measures to handle fire, extreme weather, and other sources of damage.
• Inadvertent data loss – Staff can accidentally delete data, change it irreversibly, or lose encryption keys. This places intact data out of reach. A comprehensive data backup strategy is essential.

Cloud application security best practices

Failure to deal with cloud security vulnerabilities can have serious consequences. Let’s explore some app security best practices to lock down critical assets.

1. Understand the threat surface

Robust cloud application security rests upon strong visibility. Total awareness of cloud workloads and device connections puts you in a good position to apply controls.

Create and maintain inventories of connected cloud apps. This inventory will form the basis for security measures later on. Trim the inventory regularly to remove any unneeded cloud apps. Try to keep the threat surface as small as possible.

2. Deploy identity and access management (IAM)

Every cloud application is vulnerable to credential theft. Enterprises must establish complete control over who accesses cloud apps. They must also define and manage user privileges.

Cloud-native IAM tools manage access by authenticating log-in requests. They compare login credentials with secure directories and ensure that only authentic users gain access. Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) adds another set of time-limited and unique credentials.

After admitting users, IAM systems authorize their privileges. Privileges allow users to carry out core workloads and restrict access to other applications.

Developers can access the tools they need. Sales teams can access CRM databases and marketing assets. Every role is limited, but workers are free to carry out their duties.

Additionally, IAM applies Single Sign On. SSO creates a single point of entry to cloud resources. One cloud-based application provides access to all apps. There is no need to secure multiple cloud endpoints.

More advanced IAM tools actively check for unsafe credential storage. They alert security teams if staff store credentials digitally or share information insecurely. All these features enhance the safety of cloud applications.

3. Create a cloud application security strategy

Companies need cloud application security. This strategy should specify how to access cloud apps safely and how user identities are verified. Users should know what they need to do and what threat mitigation controls are in place.

Looking beyond security policies, security teams should have a clear plan to secure data on all cloud applications. This can be visualized on three levels to cover vulnerabilities:

• Platforms. Cloud infrastructure underlying can include exposed data files. If companies develop cloud infrastructure in-house, security staff must focus on correctly configuring platforms. Encrypting all data is advisable.
• Databases. Secure cloud databases with appropriate encryption and access controls. Assess the right authorization levels for every role. Workers should only have access to relevant data. All other information should be out of reach.
• Applications. Secure the attack surface by extending IAM to all applications. Check API configurations, and use any threat detection systems provided by app developers. Set up automated notifications about unusual access requests or network traffic patterns.

4. Use automated security testing

Testing is a critical aspect of cloud app security. It may be too late to detect and mitigate vulnerabilities when cloud apps go live. Instead, companies should switch from standard DevOps to DevSecOps (Development Security Operations).

DevSecOps includes automated testing systems that assess code during the development phase. Testing during the CI/CD process uncovers weaknesses before hackers have a chance to exploit them.

Testing should extend to open-source code libraries used to build cloud applications. It should also cover data containers and user-provisioned cloud deployments. Every part of the cloud environment is vulnerable.

Testing does not end after app provisioning. Enterprises must continuously test IAM systems to ensure the integrity of IAM processes. They should also test encryption tools. Keys may be exposed or out of date, creating inherent weaknesses.

Automation is vital. You can automate development and post-deployment testing to reduce security workloads and ensure regular results.

5. Focus on password hygiene

Companies need to drive home the importance of password hygiene. Access controls and encryption mean little if employees expose passwords to outsiders.

Stolen or hacked credentials are a major security weakness. Staff must use strong passwords and change them regularly.

SSO helps make this task more manageable as workers handle fewer credentials. Cloud-native password managers also automate password strengthening and password replacement.

6. Employ comprehensive encryption strategies

Exposed data is an easy target for hackers inside cloud perimeters. That’s why encryption is a critical component of cloud app security.

Encryption scrambles data, making it unreadable to anyone without specific encryption keys. There are three main ways to encrypt data on the cloud:

• Encrypting data at rest secures information stored by enterprises. This could include HR information or financial records. Companies can encrypt files, databases, and even cloud platforms. With more layers covered, hackers will struggle to access confidential data.
• Encrypting data in transit makes collaboration safer. Data constantly moves throughout cloud environments. Information passes from on-premises networks and remote devices to the cloud. Encrypting data as it moves protects against interception attacks.
• Encrypting data in use makes using applications safer. Employees may retain workloads in an open state for long periods. This leaves data vulnerable to interception and extraction. The use of encryption and tools like DRM makes in-use data less accessible.

7. Active threat detection

Monitor cloud applications in real-time to detect threats and protect data. User behavior patterns can provide clues about ongoing attacks. Access requests for sensitive files can generate automated alerts.

Security teams can use activity monitoring data to fine-tune privileges management. Monitoring data is also a valuable compliance tool, providing evidence of continuous security management.

8. Regularly patch software and apply system updates

Cloud applications require timely and frequent updates to keep pace with evolving threats. Codebase changes and new services constantly present new vulnerabilities and exploits for hackers to target. Automated scheduled updates neutralize weak spots as they emerge.

9. Proactive privacy and compliance policies

Data privacy is a central part of compliance strategies. Enterprises operating in the cloud face major regulatory challenges, including GDPR, PCI-DSS, or HIPAA compliance. Secure cloud apps to meet relevant compliance standards.

Security teams should build app security audits into their schedule. Check that apps and security controls meet regulatory guidelines. Include the development environment used to provision cloud applications and open-source libraries used by DevOps teams.

Use regulatory requirements as a framework to build effective controls. For instance, PCI-DSS compliance demands data encryption for financial records. HIPAA demands tight identity management and encryption of sensitive information.

Compliance strategies aren’t static. Enterprises should take a proactive approach when securing sensitive data, using regulatory frameworks as guides.

How businesses could secure their cloud applications

Legacy tools like VPNs have security limitations when guarding the cloud. Instead, using security tools that function alongside cloud application APIs is advisable.

IAM and SSO systems are essential components of cloud security strategies alongside data encryption and threat monitoring. Fortunately, you can source solutions that bring together core app security functions.

The two major options here are proxy or API-integrated Cloud Access Security Brokers (CASBs):

• Proxy CASBs route traffic through a separate proxy between user devices and cloud apps. Proxies usually employ HTTP and can intervene with traffic passing through cloud endpoints. The CASB applies encryption and tracks anomalies such as suspicious login requests.
• API-based CASBs do not require an extra layer of routing. These CASBs are built into cloud apps instead. This has many potential benefits, as well as some drawbacks.

Benefits of API-based CASBs include:

• Improved speed – There is no need to route traffic via a proxy. This boosts speeds and improves the user experience. Routing large amounts of traffic through a proxy may lead to performance issues as demands grow.
• Firewall interaction – API CASBs supplement existing network firewalls. They add cloud security features that protect data and monitor activity. Proxy CASBs damage performance by adding another security barrier alongside firewalls.
• Easy upgrades – Users must update CASBs as applications evolve. App developers often add or exchange protocols and authentication systems. But developers do not routinely alert CASB developers about needed upgrades. API-based tools are easier to patch as apps change. Over time, cloud apps will leave proxy CASBs behind.
• Better security – Proxy-based CASBs break TLS sessions to access the HTTP stream. They then reconstruct TLS protection to complete cloud access. Users trust their CASB to restore TLS sessions safely and reliably. This weak point can compromise the security of cloud deployments.

Major cloud computing providers like Google and Amazon recommend API-embedded CASBs where possible. This makes perfect sense in a fast-changing cloud application environment.

However, API-based CASBs may not work with all SaaS deployments. CASBs are often compatible with most but not all APIs. This can add complexity to cloud security architecture. Proxy CASBs can operate across different APIs, resulting in simple solutions.

Enterprises also need to be aware of problems surrounding CASBs. For instance, cloud infrastructure providers rarely inform CASB developers about platform alterations that cause security issues. Cloud platforms can change quickly. CASB vendors need to keep up with changes and plug any security holes.

This issue affects proxy CASBs more than API-based versions. API-based brokers integrate closely with apps. App developers tend to flag any API changes for CASB developers. As a result, patches appear in a more timely manner. Users can expect stronger security.

The shared security responsibility model

Before implementing cloud application security best practices, bring the shared responsibility model into the picture.

In cloud environments, cloud providers and users share responsibility for security. Responsibility levels depend upon your cloud computing setup and your choice of a cloud service provider.

Generally speaking, cloud providers like AWS or Microsoft Azure assume responsibility for protecting:

• The infrastructure stack (including hosts and data centers)
• Software required to host cloud applications and data
• Networking infrastructure connecting cloud apps

Clients must handle everything else. Responsibilities vary according to whether you choose IaaaS, PaaS, or SaaS deployments.

• IaaS – Infrastructure-as-a-service users have the widest responsibilities. Users must protect apps and data, as well as infrastructure. This includes middleware and can include the cloud operating system.
• PaaS – Platform-as-a-service users must protect any infrastructure they maintain, including apps and data hosted by their service provider. Any proprietary apps hosted by third parties remain your responsibility.
• SaaS – Software-as-a-service users are responsible for data stored or processed by cloud applications. The main security risks relating to SaaS applications are access management and encrypting sensitive data.

Shared responsibility model in practice

Getting the balance right when applying the shared responsibility model is all-important. A good starting point is assessing every cloud application.

It is critical to define the responsibilities of users and providers for each application. Be clear about internal security controls and what your provider offers. Write a clear description of who is responsible for securing each asset and how to ensure data security.

Regardless of the cloud model in use, users are always responsible for:

• Securing on-premises and remote access endpoints
• Protecting data flowing through cloud resources
• Managing access to cloud applications.

Bring operations and security teams together. Developers need to provision cloud services flexibly and quickly. Security teams must advise about how to calibrate those services safely.

However, cloud users aren’t alone. Cloud service providers realize the complexity involved in managing cloud application security threats.

Providers usually offer user controls within APIs to secure their apps. They may also offer monitoring and threat management functions. Always investigate and use available cloud-native security tools.

Enterprises can also request audit information from providers. This should include details about their security strategy. Compare the material provided with your service terms to ensure providers meet their obligations.

Cloud application security assessment checklist

Before we finish, here is a quick checklist of critical cloud application security measures:

1. Create robust security policies covering all cloud apps. Take into account private, public and multi-cloud environments. Consider how to secure remote workers. Include processes to onboard and off-board employees. And put plans in place to detect and mitigate data breaches.

2. Implement IAM for the cloud. Ensure users have the correct privileges. Keep in mind Zero Trust concepts and the principle of least privilege. Combine cloud apps with SSO and add an extra protective screen with MFA.

3. Train staff in cloud security awareness. Make sure staff is aware of data storage and password policies. Train workers in secure cloud application usage and ways to share data safely. Focus on the threat posed by phishing attacks.

4. Deploy cloud security controls. Protect endpoints with encryption and CASBs. For instance, cloud-specific controls like disabling SSH and SQL Server access guard against brute force attacks.

5. Check application configurations. Poorly configured cloud apps are a critical security threat. Enforce API protection policies to configure apps properly. Focus on potential malware injection sites to neutralize common external attacks.

6. Put backups in place. Store sensitive data and workloads on separate cloud servers. Backup server files to ensure smooth disaster recovery. Carry out regular restoration tests to make sure data is recoverable.

7. Update software when needed. Use automated patch management to update cloud applications and deliver patches to all worker devices. Test updates when possible before deployment.

8. Track threats and log incidents. Use automated threat scanning and activity logging. Cloud logging tools can organize and analyze complex data. Use this data to improve your security posture and provide evidence of compliance.

9. Apply data security policies. Put in place policies to encrypt data at rest, in transit, and in use. Check encryption keys are used safely, preventing exposure to external attackers.

How can NordLayer help?

Follow our cloud application security checklist and best practices to secure cloud environments. With the correct controls, enterprises can take advantage of cloud computing. Sound app security measures reduce costs and cut data loss risks.

NordLayer offers cloud security solutions for all digital businesses. Install IAM, MFA, and SSO to control cloud access and reduce the attack surface. Create encrypted connections between remote workers and cloud portals. And integrate client-side security controls with tools provided by CSPs.

Find a route to ironclad cloud security. Get in touch and discuss your security options today.

There are several routes that a business can take to transition to SASE: doing everything themselves or going to a vendor are just some of the options. For this reason, Managed Service Providers (MSPs) can be incredibly useful when making the leap more streamlined and convenient.

How do MSPs help enterprises migrate to SASE?

MSPs can reach out a helping hand to businesses that don’t want or can’t implement SASE by themselves. Enterprise as a client just picks what they need from MSPs, and everything is done for them. Though, it’s not unheard of to have a MSP provider choose the needed components for the organization. This converged approach is more effective and saves client organizations time.

The external experts help businesses that may not have on-site specialists that could help them navigate various specific challenges associated with SASE. Choosing a SASE vendor is one of the most important IT decisions a business can make, so it’s very helpful to have someone to deal with product analysis, narrowing down the needed technologies, and planning network security schemes. It’s one of the most hassle-free methods to ensure optimal user experience when the transition to SASE is completed.

MSP benefits for SASE implementation

Here is the list of principal benefits that MSPs bring to businesses moving to the SASE framework.

1. Experience

As MSPs provide their security and networking services in a very niche field, they have amassed considerable expertise in helping clients overcome various challenges associated with SASE. Dealing with various vendor platforms is something that MSPs deal with daily, so they already have all the necessary knowledge for in-depth consultations.

2. Scalability

One of the most important benefits that MSPs can provide is scale. Simultaneously they can support thousands of clients as their multi-tenant architectures are equipped to do just that. Most MSPs also invest resources to have multiple points of presence across the globe to provide service without interruptions for globally distributed workforces. A broad reach is paramount in ensuring stable connectivity when setting up SD-WAN elements of SASE infrastructure.

3. Time-saving

MSPs are often regarded as the quickest route to implement SASE. Going from the drawing board to operating infrastructure takes little time. As MSP has all bases covered, this means very rapid implementation of SASE services. In turn, this also cuts the time and creates a quick route to instant value.

4. Prioritization

As SASE is a complex service with many critical components, it can be difficult to wrap your head around what should be done first. MSPs can guide organizations through this minefield by clearly defining priorities that should be achieved. Not to mention that some SASE service components can be implemented only after completing some prerequisites. MSPs, therefore, streamline the whole rollout procedure by keeping it on track.

5. Execution

A typical business could be stuck at the proof of concept level when planning its SASE service approach, which can be costly and time-consuming. MSPs have an in-depth understanding of their client’s pain points, which makes them more equipped to tackle various practical issues. This saves the trouble of going the trial-and-error route when implementing SASE without external help.

How to choose the right MSP for SASE implementation

While MSPs help you to create SASE that works for you, you still need to pick an MSP provider that would be the right fit for you.

1. Know which MSP type is right for you 

The first decision you’ll have to make is to pick one of the main MSP types.

Build and operate — this type handles full SASE deployment, including software and hardware configurations, monitoring performance, and integrated response to incidents. This involves not only the setup but ongoing maintenance.

Build and transfer — MSP designs, configures, and deploys all needed equipment and transfers it to the client. From the handover, the customer is responsible for its maintenance.  

Takeover — after the organization creates and deploys its SASE solution, MSP makes strategic decisions for operations outsourcing.

Note that there still can be varieties and hybrids of these models. The agreements could be time-based, as the provider will maintain everything for a set duration, after which the organization agrees to take over.

2. Do background research on MSP capabilities

The second part of the equation is that MSP should match the organization’s requirements:

• Can MSP match the enterprise’s scale?
• Are necessary network security services provided?
• Does MSP have the required expertise within the customer’s industry?
• Are connectivity services provided along with security?
• Is MSP providing an integrated product or combining different tools from separate providers?

A good match should align across the board with your setup requirements.

3. Check the price/value ratio

It’s essential to calculate whether relying on MSP makes sense financially. The return on investment can vary greatly depending on the used services, company size, and other agreements. This is a helpful exercise to rethink priorities and get the best solution that makes sense not only securely but money-wise.

4. Look into the SLA agreement

Finally, there is a question about legally binding contracts. MSPs heavily rely on Service Level Agreements to establish expectations with their clients. The document outlines the services that will be provided, the objectives, and any other relevant prerequisites. SLA metrics can vary greatly from one MSP to another, and it’s a client’s responsibility to ensure that their needs are addressed.

How can NordLayer help?

SASE and its network security component, Secure Service Edge, is an essential cornerstone of most enterprises’ digital transition. SSE combines cybersecurity technologies and concepts like ZTNA to deliver internet access security and network access management. This allows the development of a future-focused approach to an organization’s cybersecurity for growing modern businesses.

NordLayer helps to reduce risks associated with hybrid work or globally distributed workforces. As a complimentary addition to your IT infrastructure, it enhances network access control by segmenting the user base through Virtual Private Gateways and filtering out malicious websites from the employees’ browsing.

Get in touch with our experts today, and learn how NordLayer could improve your network security with a click of a button.

The aim of MFA is to verify user identities and strengthen network protection beyond the level provided by traditional passwords. But how should you achieve this goal?

This blog will explain some core MFA best practices. It will also lead you through a step-by-step guide to implementing multi-factor authentication. The result should be an MFA system that ensures rock-solid network protection where it matters most.

MFA best practices

Multi-factor authentication is an essential addition to cybersecurity setups. Properly configured, MFA allows workers to relocate to their homes, connect remotely as they travel, and use cloud resources anywhere.

These MFA best practices will help you create an authentication system that meets your needs.

1. Plan the right MFA solution for your business

Multi-factor authentication is not a one-size-fits-all technology. Choose the right authentication system for your business needs. For instance, types of MFA to think about include:

• Biometric scanning, such as retinal scans and fingerprints.
• One-time passwords (OTP) delivered by tokens, email, or SMS.
• Hardware devices such as security badges, cards and tokens.
• Contextual factors such as keyboard behavior, location data, and the network are used to make a connection.

Workers could benefit from biometric scanning if your business relies on mobile devices. Quick, user-friendly biometrics can provide secure access away from the office. Smartphones are well-suited to techniques like fingerprint scans.

Workforces where remote working is routine, might prefer hardware tokens or tags. These small devices are easy to carry between work and home. The tokens will still be required to access network resources if devices are lost or stolen. So they are a good extra defense measure.

Whatever solution you choose, it must comply with network infrastructure. Find an MFA system that is compatible with critical apps and employee devices.

2. Create an enterprise-wide MFA solution

Multi-factor authentication solutions must cover all access points to network resources.

Carry out a device audit before sourcing any technologies. This will help you understand which types of MFA tech to choose and how to train employees to use authentication systems.

Cloud assets and on-premises resources should all be included. Protect all cloud endpoints with more than one authentication factor, with additional protections for high-value assets.

3. Manage change to bring users on board

The biggest problem with multi-factor authentication is ensuring employees use authentication tools consistently and safely. Workers may lapse into unsafe behavior if MFA is too time-consuming or complex. That’s why change management is all-important.

Plan a staged introduction that makes every user feel part of the process. Extra authentication methods will disrupt working practices, at least for a while. But if you approach employees as participants in the process, they will respond positively.

Inform users about upcoming changes at the start of the project. Explain how MFA will benefit workers and how user identification works. Answer any questions as the project unfolds. Workers need to know exactly what is required and how to comply with security policies.

Change managers can isolate areas of potential resistance. Focus on chokepoints like using third-party devices, managing biometrics, and password management. Provide training and refresh user knowledge after MFA comes online.

4. Create user-friendly MFA systems

When mainstreaming MFA, companies need to craft user-friendly solutions. Systems should minimize friction and maximize speed while remaining secure.

Explore ways to reduce the work of users. Adaptive authentication can remove the need for passwords and use device or location information alongside biometrics. Single sign-on portals can bring services together and make logging on easier.

Where possible, provide multiple options for users. Some workers will embrace retina or fingerprint scanning. For others, it could be impractical or intrusive. They might prefer hardware tokens.

When people choose their own solutions, they are more likely to feel in control. When they “own” their authentication choices, workers will be less likely to back-slide and abandon MFA.

5. Combine MFA with single sign-on (SSO)

As hinted above, one common solution for MFA is single sign-on (SSO). SSO creates a single identity security portal. This gateway allows users to access core resources according to their individual privileges.

SSO fits neatly with MFA. You can combine standard password portals with biometrics and one-time passwords. Using a single portal and extra identity verification factors balances user experience and network security.

• SSO reduces employee workloads, providing instant system access to all relevant resources. That’s particularly useful when connecting remote workers to cloud assets.
• MFA supplements password security. This solves some problems associated with SSO, including the repeated use of passwords or the reliance on weak passwords that are easy to hack.

6. Make use of contextual factors

Multi-factor authentication systems use more than biometric scanners and hardware tokens. MFA can also leverage contextual information about individual users and their devices.

Contextual information is passive. Users do not need to provide information consciously. Instead, agents detect data about the user’s device or location. Agents on user laptops can tell whether the computer is in the owner’s home or connected to insecure public wifi. Blacklisting screens out unknown devices or those accessing from unsafe locations.

Users move. They won’t always be located at home. And if employees request access from elsewhere, MFA systems ask them for additional information. That complicates matters for laptop or smartphone thieves with access to worker devices.

More advanced authentication factors are also available for extremely high-security situations. Techniques like liveness testing and biometric keyboard verification provide maximum information about user identities. These contextual factors represent an extremely strong barrier against data thieves when used with physical tokens.

7. Think about passwordless solutions

In some cases, MFA allows companies to remove traditional password access from their network perimeter. Passwords are clumsy to use. Few employees use strong passwords or store them safely. Going passwordless can make a lot of sense from a security perspective.

MFA can use contextual information about mobile devices, user locations, or even user behavior. These factors may be sufficient to allow access when combined with biometric data. This saves time while providing a degree of security. However, strong passwords should be retained to access sensitive data and critical workloads.

8. Implement the least privilege to secure network assets

MFA can apply uniformly to all users, but it’s also better to implement role-based MFA to enforce the principle of least privilege. Part of Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA), this principle states that users should only have access to essential data and applications. All non-essential resources should be off-limits.

Identity and Access Management and network segmentation are core ZTNA technologies, but MFA also plays a role.

MFA systems can ask for additional information when users try to exercise administrative functions. MFA can also apply conditional access to high-security databases and request additional user credentials at regular intervals.

9. Use provisioning protocols for cloud compatibility

Companies can combine MFA systems and critical cloud assets by using provisioning protocols. For instance, Microsoft Azure Active Directory supports protocols like RADIUS and Oauth 2.0.

Standard protocols like RADIUS make it easier to combine legacy network tools and cloud applications. MFA systems must operate across all network devices and resources. Adopting an approach based on standard protocols makes this possible.

10. See MFA as an ongoing process

Deploying MFA doesn’t end when users start to apply biometrics or hardware tokens. Companies must see authentication as an ongoing challenge requiring constant attention and regular audits.

The threat landscape does not stand still. New phishing techniques emerge monthly. Novel malware threats can compromise previously secure endpoints. Network managers must be aware of these developments. Security teams must update MFA systems to reflect real-world cybersecurity risks.

Regularly assess MFA systems to ensure they are delivering effective security. Are workers using them properly? Do you need to use more or different authentication factors? Are any gaps not covered by authentication processes?

Companies also need to be persistent and determined when deploying MFA. Most MFA solutions experience problems. Users regularly report difficulties, which can cause IT teams to roll back authentication projects. Resist this urge.

Provide support to any departments or individuals experiencing issues. Drill down into the concerns reported by users. They may detect technical issues that were not apparent to security professionals.

Above all, don’t expect overnight success. MFA eventually becomes embedded in everyday work, but this won’t happen immediately.

Step-by-step MFA implementation strategy

When implementing MFA, here are the steps to follow:

1. Train users in how MFA works

Employee education is critical when implementing MFA. Every process must be centered around upskilling and reassuring users.

Poorly informed workers may resist authentication techniques or back-slide to unsafe practices. Here are some things to bear in mind when training staff:

• Regularly communicate via email from the start of the project. Timely emails will ensure staff are aware of timescales and security policies. They can include contact details for project leaders.
• Create ways for staff to engage with project managers. Messaging apps like Slack are a good option here. Make staff available to field any queries and provide updates if requested.
• Stress the positive aspect of MFA. Always focus on why you are introducing MFA and how it will help individuals.

2. Design an MFA system to suit your needs

Choosing the right form of multi-factor authentication is critically important. Some companies find that biometric scanners like facial recognition are appropriate. This works well when end users have access to smartphones with reliable cameras and fingerprint scanners.

Other companies prefer to distribute hardware tokens to remote workers. Tokens provide one-time passwords and can be tracked remotely by security managers.

Questions to ask when choosing an MFA solution:

• What kind of devices will use your MFA system?
• Is there a mixture of work-from-home and on-premises end users?
• Is ease of use more important than pure identity security?
• Do you need sophisticated solutions with fine-grained MFA controls?
• Is cost an overriding factor, or can you afford to spend more?
• What apps and services will your MFA solution interact with? Compatibility is essential to avoid friction and improve the user experience.

3. Apply privileges to roles and individuals

Create privilege levels for different access requests. This allows individuals to access core resources while keeping sensitive data off-limits to those who do not need it.

You might want to request extra identity data when accessing customer records or executing admin commands on cloud platforms. MFA requests every few hours may also be needed when accessing financial records.

Some resources may not need MFA at all. Contextual controls and passwords could be sufficient to protect low-sensitivity resources. However, risk assesses each asset to avoid leaving confidential data exposed.

4. Make sure your MFA implementation is compliant

Authentication is a core aspect of major data security regulations, including HIPAA, GDPR, and PCI-DSS. Sectors like health care or financial processing have specific requirements absent from other business areas. Knowing which regulations affect your business is absolutely vital.

For example, PCI-DSS requires:

• Strong encryption of all customer data
• Three-factor MFA for any servers handling customer data
• Identity management to ensure customer records can only be accessed by authorized individuals

Third-party authentication providers should possess the accreditation. Look for an Attestation of Compliance (AOC) with PCI-DSS or HIPAA. This means the provider has been independently assessed as meeting compliance standards.

5. Create a streamlined way to request backup factors

Sometimes employees lose authentication hardware or business laptops. In these cases, they will probably also lose MFA data. Security best practice involves resetting the user’s account with a backup factor and creating a new set of authentication information.

One option is to enable multiple devices on a single account. If users have more than one authorized device, they can use it to request backup factors and reset their accounts.

Security teams should also be prepared to remove authentication factors from user accounts when thefts occur. There should be a clear process for quarantining compromised factors, making it tough for thieves to use stolen identity credentials.

6. Plan to on-board new remote workers

All work-from-home equipment must be audited and authorized with MFA software installed. But setting up MFA with remote workers can be time-consuming. It may leave security vulnerabilities if staff is left to their own devices.

Many companies provide work laptops for new hires. If you take this route, take time to lead staff through the MFA onboarding process. If necessary, schedule video meetings to explain the process. That way, you can verify that staff properly follow every step.

7. Configure adaptive MFA controls

Before MFA goes live, explore additional security controls your provider offers. This should include adaptive systems to detect anomalies and meet threats proactively.

At this stage, you can blacklist certain access locations. For instance, you may blacklist all public wifi hotspots. But you could even limit access from entire continents.

8. Plan to audit your MFA solution

Plan to reassess your authentication setup regularly. Every MFA implementation experiences some problems. They are generally not deal-breakers and tend to involve easing users into the authentication process.

Check that users are following MFA practices. And make sure privileges match up with risk assessments. Do multiple factors protect confidential data, or can general users access databases?

As new threats emerge, authentication systems can become outdated. Be prepared to update software or add new factors if the situation changes.

How can NordLayer help with MFA implementation?

NordLayer offers a suite of security tools allowing companies to create secure SSE architecture at the network edge. Guard cloud assets, on-premises data centers, and remote work laptops. And make life easy for workers to carry out their tasks.

Our products include 2FA or MFA for authentication to increase security levels while connecting to company networks. NordLayer caters to apps like Google Authenticator or Authy and USB devices to deliver security keys.

Adding MFA is quick and easy, especially when you combine authentication and SSO. The result is all-around security for critical business assets. To find out more, get in touch with the NordLayer team today.

Zero Trust is one of those most critical terms that already live rent-free in IT managers’ heads. It’s way past the emerging buzzword stage — now, Zero Trust is a security model that dictates organizational cybersecurity strategies and general security approaches. 

But how influential is the Zero Trust model? What’s its role in the near future and its place in a broader picture of cybersecurity? Let’s take a look at what trends to expect in the Zero Trust department.

Password is dead; long live Zero Trust?!

The new cybersecurity era will likely be marked by another iconic moment in the digital age. Rumor has it that we will be done with the passwords in 2023. Hard to say if it’s true, but passwords as single-factor authentication are outdated in the context of the current cybersecurity landscape.

Lost or stolen credentials surge black markets imposing risk to data security. A glance at the high numbers of the latest data breaches of 2022:

• Slash Next reports 255 million phishing-related attacks in 6 months — a 61% increase compared to 2021.
• According to Verizon, weak or stolen passwords contributed to 81% of hacking-related data breaches. 82% of breaches were triggered by human error (including social engineering attacks).
• Nvidia suffered an attack and lost the credentials (email addresses and Windows password hashes) of 71,000 employees.

Keeping in mind that 73% of employees recycle the same personal passwords for work-related accounts – NordLayer’s research about bad cybersecurity habits concluded weak passwords as one of the top vulnerabilities of organization security – the number of leaked personal credentials is a huge red flag for organizations.

Despite education and targeted reminders of password hygiene, more than half (59%) of workers tend to reuse passwords while being familiar with existing risks.

The remaining high data breach statistics only confirm the insufficiency of current actions regarding securing credentials and company data accordingly.

The Zero Trust mindset to ‘trust none; verify all’ is a straightforward change for companies to dismiss careless passwords from their systems and elevate security levels effectively. 

A quick recap: ZT, ZTA, and ZTNA

Zero Trust (ZT) is a trust algorithm that ensures resources within specific networks can be accessed only by verified endpoints — devices or users. Yet when discussing cybersecurity, additional concepts of Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) and Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA) emerge — what’s the difference?

An easy way to differentiate Zero Trust, Zero Trust Architecture, and ZTNA is to define Zero Trust as the driving idea, model, or mindset that puts the theoretical foundation for the application of the method.

The Zero Trust principle turns attention to the main focus points:

• Make sure to check and verify every endpoint connection request to the network.
• Solely job-mandatory access rights must be granted to perform role objectives. 
• Plan for the maximum constraint of user movement in the network in case of a breach.

Zero Trust Architecture is a practical application of the Zero Trust approach when building security policies and IT infrastructure as if there was no traditional perimeter. ZTA combines and implements solutions for:

• Endpoint verification
• Network supervision. 

ZTNA is a segment of Zero Trust Architecture that provides a solution to trusted-only application access. ZTNA is integral to the SASE and SSE frameworks for establishing security in remote cloud environments.

What changes does Zero Trust employ: ZTNA’s focus

Instead of discussing Zero Trust at theoretical levels, it’s beneficial to investigate ZTNA to understand what changes it suggests and how companies apply them.

According to Statista, the most common solution organizations used to enable Zero Trust segmentation in 2021 was ZTNA. Identity, Credential, and Access Management followed it.

The popularity of ZTNA comes from its adoption as a more efficient identity- and context-supported solution for controlling increasing attack surfaces in hybrid environments.

As ZK Research indicates, VPN was a go-to solution to manage and protect companies’ IT perimeters. However, VPN performance and security fallbacks brought by backhauling network traffic and open network access make it refer to VPN as a remote work solution only as a temporary one.

Therefore, to secure and connect remote workers while managing distributed endpoint, user, and application networks under the organization’s scope, companies turned to secure network access (SaaS, cloud, and edge) solutions, including ZTNA.

Shrinking the attack surface – limiting the threat actor’s activity in the network by requesting additional authentication or assigned permits to access internal applications – is the key feature of the ZTNA solution.

Prospects of Zero Trust in cybersecurity

Cyberattacks continuously challenge everyone, from consumers to federal agencies, hitting the weakest link — passwords. Attacks are disrupting business operations from intelligence businesses to manufacturers — any company with internet-connected systems and networks is vulnerable.

The Zero Trust approach can mitigate hardly controllable external and internal factors that might lead to a breach. ZTNA enables IT administrators to monitor, manage and interact with connections between endpoints and ultimately conclude whether the connection should be approved or denied.

Driving factors of ZTNA adoption

The peak of ZTNA matched with hybrid and remote work developments globally introduced by the COVID-19 pandemic. Although opinions tend to clash, remote work is here to stay, and ZTNA maintains its importance to business network security.

To securely return to old ways of working – the static office-contained perimeter, which is the least challenging to maintain and control – all of the workforce should come back to their corporate desks.

Migration to the cloud is gaining momentum as it offers more flexibility and reduces the complexity of traditional IT perimeter.

The password more often causes security issues than prevents it and needs to be reconsidered and redesigned to move to more sustainable solutions.

Evolved understanding of a workplace with WFA (Work From Anywhere) quickly showed the comforts of working from home or cafe, answering work emails from a personal phone, or watching TV series on a corporate laptop after working hours. Yet these blurred lines stretch the reach of unapproved applications and devices blending into the company network.

Although the digital landscape and new modern habits might be alarming, going backward seems unrealistic. Thus ZTNA helps manage current cybersecurity challenges in this technological evolution.

State of remote work 

There’s no denying that companies will have to accept the turned tables — employees now consider not how many days they will decide to work from home but how often they are willing to show up in the office.

If the workforce is not to return to the office full-time, ZTNA naturally cannot be discarded from the company’s cybersecurity strategy.

According to ZK Research 2022 Work-from-Anywhere Study, just one – or even less – out of 10 employees consider 100% work on-site, leaving most of the workforce a risk factor to data and application security.

How do companies adopt Zero Trust? 

Zero Trust is dominant in creating security strategies. Statista survey revealed that one-third of polled companies, as of January 2022, already had a formal strategy actively embracing a Zero Trust policy. Only 20 percent of respondents had no Zero Trust strategy as of 2022.

Statista also concluded that almost one-fifth of respondent organizations completely discard the Zero Trust model as a cloud security strategy while the vast majority (81%) fully or partially embrace Zero Trust model guidelines for building internal security policies.

It’s safe to say that Zero Trust has been assigned an important and influential role in shaping the security infrastructure face. The mindset combines Zero Trust backed practices of accountability, consistency, dependability, and transparency to activities and processes within the organization network.

How to transition to Zero Trust?

Benefits for businesses that adopt ZTNA to enhance the security of their network. Deploying Zero Trust-based features establishes secure cloud access and allows network segmentation for least privileged access to resources.

The model reduces insider threat by protecting internal applications and lowering the potential of account breach risk. Overall, ZTNA adoption supports the company’s journey to achieving compliance requirements.

Zero Trust Network Access is a predominant framework of any setup that deals with hybrid work as an alternative to VPN. NordLayer solution makes implementation of ZTNA easy and integrable despite the existing infrastructure in your company. Reach out to learn more about securing your business network with ZTNA within minutes.

Both technologies mask traffic and conceal your location. But there are significant differences between proxies and VPNs that users need to know. Let’s explore the VPN vs proxy contest in more detail and help you find the ideal privacy solution.

What is a VPN and how does it work?

VPNs are networks that route traffic through private servers before sending it to its destination. When users log onto their VPN client, the service uses special protocols to create a “tunnel” connecting data sources and destinations.

VPNs offer a couple of important security and privacy services:

• Anonymization. Traffic routed through Virtual Private Network servers is assigned a new IP address. This anonymizes the data source, making it hard for outsiders to track online activity. Outside observers may know you’re using a VPN connection, but your original IP address will be inaccessible.
• Encryption. VPNs encrypt data from the user device to the virtual private gateway. Any web traffic passing through a remote access VPN server is basically unreadable to outside observers while it is encrypted. Users can still browse the web or access streaming content. But their information and activity will remain private. This is very useful when dealing with financial data.

VPNs are usually paid services. A third-party VPN provider will maintain servers around the world and manage encryption. Users log on via clients, which can be integrated into web browsers if desired.

VPNs also work at the operating system level. This means they cover all traffic leaving or entering a network. They are not restricted to single apps.

What is a proxy and how does it work?

Proxies also use external servers. These proxy servers route traffic from user devices and give each data packet a new IP address. As far as outsiders are concerned, user traffic comes from the proxy’s remote server. This is a major benefit when accessing geo-restricted web content.

On the downside, proxies do not feature data encryption. They can anonymize the identity of a user but not the data they send. Sensitive data remains exposed to attackers, making proxies unsuitable for a business internet connection.

Proxies also tend to be associated with individual applications. They process traffic from web browsers or streaming games. But proxies do not provide all-around privacy at an operating system level.

Understanding the main proxy types

There are various different types of proxy servers, and each has its own use cases:

• HTTP proxies. Designed to work with web pages and browsers. You can configure Chrome or Edge to route all HTTP traffic through a proxy, or just assign proxy routing to specific websites.
• SOCKS5 proxies. SOCKS proxies work on the application level and route traffic from specific apps. For example, a SOCKS5 proxy could be assigned to route Skype conversations securely. SOCKS5 proxies are flexible but tend to be slower than HTTP versions.
• Transparent proxies. Generally invisible to network users. A transparent proxy can filter web traffic and monitor activity. This makes them useful in settings like schools and libraries. Parents could also use them to filter the content available to children.
• Private proxies. Private proxies provide a dedicated IP address for each user. This does not provide as much privacy as VPNs. However, it can help unblock geo-restricted websites and improve proxy speeds.

Key differences between proxy and VPN

We now know the main features of proxies and VPNs. But here’s the all-important question. How do VPNs and proxies differ, and which one should you choose?

1. VPNs provide encryption

Encryption is the most important difference between VPNs and proxies and probably the key consideration for business users. When you use a VPN, all of your internet traffic is encrypted.

The best paid providers use AES-256 encryption that has no known weaknesses. Encrypted data will be off-limits to thieves, limiting the risk of leaking commercial data. A remote work VPN will also lock down connections between home workers and central offices. So you can establish a secure connection between workloads and user devices.

Proxies never encrypt traffic. All they do is re-route packets and provide IP address anonymization. That can be useful when accessing blocked web pages. But data security will be relatively weak.

2. VPNs handle all traffic, proxies work with individual apps

VPNs function at the operating system layer. They apply encryption and anonymization to all data passing across network boundaries. Businesses do not have to install software on individual apps or configure settings for each service. Privacy controls apply over-the-top – a more convenient solution.

Because they work on the application level, proxies are used with specific software or services. They won’t cover all network connections, potentially leaving security gaps.

3. Proxies may be faster

Proxies don’t need to encrypt data as they route it worldwide. VPNs do. This imposes extra bandwidth overheads. VPNs may be slower, as a result, sometimes making them unworkable for streaming tasks.

However, the best VPNs match proxies in terms of speed. Free proxies generally use cheaper, less extensive infrastructure. So while they use more basic technology, they may be slower than VPN alternatives.

4. You’ll usually pay for VPNs

Proxies have low maintenance costs for providers and are usually free for users. At least, they are free at the point of use. As with most free services, proxy customers are the product. Expect your data to be stored and sold to third parties for marketing purposes.

There are free VPNs as well. However, paid services are recommended for business customers. Paid VPNs charge small fees and provide higher-quality encryption, speed, reliability, and anonymization. They also have stricter anti-logging policies. Your data should remain private and won’t be resold.

Unlike most proxies, good VPNs combine these services with customer support. All-in-all, they deliver much better online privacy for high-end users.

5. VPNs are more reliable

As a general rule, VPNs are more reliable. Your connection will drop less frequently. Speeds will be more regular. A host server around the world should be available at all times.

Proxies can be very reliable but do not have such a strong reputation. Expect connections to drop every now and then, especially when using free proxy services.

VPNs also offer more reliable DNS leak protection. Poor-quality proxies will likely leak DNS information to your internet service provider or the websites you visit. This completely compromises the privacy service.

Similarities between proxies and VPNs

As you can see, there are plenty of divergences between VPNs and proxies. But it’s important to remember the similarities as well.

• Both proxies and VPNs allow anonymous web browsing. Customers use them to change their IP address. This enables access to previously blocked online services.
• VPNs and proxies use third-party routers. While you can set up an in-house VPN server or proxy, both services are generally sourced from external partners.
• Both can be used to control network access. Proxies are often used to block access for employees to certain websites. VPNs can also blacklist websites.
• Neither represents a complete privacy solution. VPNs are more effective when anonymizing network traffic but are not completely watertight. Both proxies and VPNs can have technical flaws that expose your location. They may collect data to share with commercial partners or governments.

When should you use VPN and when proxy?

A basic rule is that VPNs should be used wherever users need security and privacy. VPNs combine reliable IP anonymization with encryption. This means company data will be protected twice as it passes over the internet. Proxies provide very little protection at all.

VPN connections can be used to enable secure remote work. Employees can install VPN clients on work devices at home and use an encrypted tunnel to join the central company network. Without VPN protection, any data sent from workers to the network will be exposed to attackers.

Site-to-Site VPNs can connect different work locations securely. They extend the main network to other sites, allowing every department or branch to access data safely.

VPNs are also used to transfer sensitive financial data. Companies can use them to make transactions or discuss commercial arrangements. Without encryption, using proxies for these tasks is extremely risky.

Proxies can play a role in some situations. Transparent proxies are often used to prevent access to undesirable websites. Companies could use HTTP proxies to wall off social media during working hours.

A proxy server may also be handy for researching content worldwide, assuming security concerns are secondary. You can use a proxy server to pose as a buyer from different countries and see how prices vary. Or you might access videos and bypass content restrictions.

VPN vs proxy: which is better for your business?

By now, you probably have an idea of which privacy solution to choose. Most businesses should opt for virtual private networks over proxies. A proxy server offers minimal security features. The service may be free of charge and fast, but data sent via a proxy server is always vulnerable.

By contrast, VPNs encrypt data – usually at levels that protect information from attackers. The best VPNs use military-grade encryption. Some offer add-ons like Double VPN protection that makes it hard to tell whether users are even employing a VPN.

VPNs come in business-friendly forms. You can set them up for remote workers, link departments, and integrate VPNs with cloud computing. If you choose a reliable provider, you can talk to support staff and optimize security and privacy. This just isn’t available with any proxies.

How can NordLayer help?

NordLayer can help you implement a secure, fast, and business-friendly VPN solution. Our software-based products include VPN services powered by the NordLynx protocol. This combines speed and cutting-edge encryption.

Create site-to-site setups to cover every workstation. Cater for remote workers, and implement Single Sign On that extends protection to all network assets. To find out more, get in touch with the NordLayer team today.

FAQ

Is a proxy server the same as a VPN?

No. Proxy and VPN servers both route internet traffic and assign anonymous IP addresses. VPNs add encryption to data transfers. They act at OSI layers 3 or 4, while proxies operate at layers 5 to 7.

Do you need a proxy server if you have a VPN?

Probably not. VPNs deliver the same services as proxy servers, with better security, performance, and support. In some cases, you could use a VPN to work around a transparent proxy if you use one to regulate internet activity. But this is relatively rare.

Are proxy servers safe?

Maybe, but how can you be sure? Free proxy services are notorious for leaking and selling data. Users should assume that someone is tracking their activity. A proxy server should never be used to send sensitive data.

Which is faster, VPN or proxy?

Proxies are often faster than VPNs as they do not require encryption. However, speeds also depend on the number of proxy server users, available servers, and the quality of those servers. In many cases, a well-managed VPN will be faster than a cheap, poorly run proxy.

Is Tor a VPN or a proxy server?

Neither. Tor is a network of nodes located around the world. These nodes are free to access. They act as a relay, bouncing traffic between nodes until it reaches its destination. It has some VPN features, such as encryption. However, Tor traffic can often be seen by volunteers, and its exit nodes are often blacklisted. Tor speeds also tend to be slower than proxies and VPNs.